Cases

Morning glory syndrome is an abnormality of papillary development that is frequently associated with intracranial abnormalities. 38% of cases present

Optic nerve hypoplasia is characterized by a small optic disc with a reduced number of axons. It can be unilateral or bilateral, and is frequently ass

Papillary pit is a rare, usually unilateral, congenital abnormality of the optic disc that presents as a rounded, grayish temporal depression. Visual

Pachychoroid neovasculopathy. The spectrum of pachychoroid diseases refers to a group of conditions that share the pachychoroid phenotype, represente

Pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) is a pathological entity characterized by the development of neovessels beneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE

A 69-year-old woman comes for a check-up. She is asymptomatic. Visual acuity 20/20 in both eyes. The fundus shows hard drusen in the posterior pole

Focal choroidal excavation (FCE) is a rare congenital or acquired anomaly characterized by a localized depression in the choroid, observed primarily o

Pachychoroid peripapillary epitheliopathy (PPE) is a clinical entity characterized by changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) around the optic

Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE) is a clinical entity characterized by the presence of changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) associ